The 2-rank of the adjacency matrix of a graph is always even. There are various proofs for this; see, for example, Chapter 8 in [1], where this is shown as part of a larger theorem. However, while teaching a class I noticed the following simple proof.
Claim: Let G be a simple n-vertex graph. Then the 2-rank of A(G) is even.
Proof: If or G is empty: ✓. Proceed by induction on n. Order the vertices
so that
and
are adjacent. In A(G), subtract column 1 from every column associated to a vertex in
and column 2 from every column associated to a vertex in
. Do the same with the rows. The resulting matrix is a block matrix whose blocks are
and A’, where A’ is the adjacency matrix of an (n-2)-vertex graph. □
[1] C. Godsil and G. F. Royle. Algebraic Graph Theory. Vol. 207. Springer, 2001.
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